PARIS — The French Senate is scheduled to vote on Monday on a law that would penalize those who deny genocide, taking another step along a path that has already damaged France’s relations with Turkey.

The draft law, passed in December by the National Assembly, France’s lower house, does not specifically mention the mass killings of Armenians by Ottoman Turks in 1915. But those killings were formally labeled genocide by the French Parliament in 2001, leading to an angry reaction from the Turkish government, which insists that there was no deliberate campaign to massacre the Armenians. About 1.5 million Armenians are estimated to have died from shootings, exposure and starvation.

The Turkish foreign minister, Ahmet Davutoglu, said Friday at a news conference in Ankara, Turkey, that the law, if passed, would “remain as a black stain in France’s intellectual history, and we will always remind them of this black stain.” He asked the senators to reject it....