Source: The New Republic
4-28-11
John B. Judis is a senior editor at The New Republic....Disinterestedness was an important part of the Founders’ vision for the country. In The Federalist Papers, Alexander Hamilton described the “independence of the judges” as “requisite to guard the Constitution and the rights of individuals from the effects of those ill humors, which ... occasion dangerous innovations in the government, and serious oppressions of the minor party in the community.” But it was in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century that disinterested institutions truly became integral to the functioning of the American polity. At the time, the rise of giant corporations and the growth of an industrial working class had given the lie to the Jeffersonian-Jacksonian dream of democracy based upon the dispersion of small-property owners. As business and labor clashed, the preservation of democracy appeared to rest on finding a way to reconcile these two groups. But who could possibly mediate between labor and business, and ensure an outcome acceptable to both? Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson both staked out this ground; but the role also fell to a new kind of policy group and publication that was committed to being above party, class, interest, and ideology.The first of these groups was the National Civic Federation, which one of its founders described as a “sort of Hague tribunal” that would provide “a neutral ground where conflicting interests can meet and adjust themselves.” The Brookings Institution also dates from this period. Retired St. Louis businessman Robert Brookings, who founded it in 1916, said he wanted an institution “free from any political or pecuniary interest” that would “lay before the country in a coherent form the fundamental economic facts.” Brookings’s first president, Harold Moulton, was a laissez-faire economist, yet, when coal operators complained bitterly about a Brookings study in 1928 calling for the nationalization of the industry, he rebuked them for demanding that his think tank heed their interests in its research....