The Keys to the White House on Election Day 2004, A Prayer for Liberals - By Karyn Strickler
Anxious voters from the left-hand side of the political spectrum are contacting me constantly with questions about The Keys to the White House. The operative question is always a frantic and breathless, “OK, has anything changed with regards to The Keys?”
On this Election Day 2004, here is what I have been telling voters across America. Sorry, but nothing has changed since my husband and Professor Allan J. Lichtman first announced his prediction for this election season in writing in April 2003: The Keys to the White House still predict that George W. Bush will win the popular vote for President of the United States of America. This is not an endorsement!
Horror. Choke. Gag. Gasp, come the constant response from liberal voters.
The Keys to the White House is a system for predicting Presidential elections, based on a mathematical model for predicting earthquakes. Yes, earthquakes. History Professor, Allan J. Lichtman, developed The Keys in collaboration with a world-renowned, Russian geophysicist named Volodia Keilis-Borok.
The theory is that presidential elections are referenda on the party in power. The Keys assess the performance, strength, and unity of the party in power, in order to determine whether or not that party will continue to hold the White House. The Keys are based on the analysis of every American presidential election since 1860.
Oh, let’s face it, there are endless prediction models. One is the Redskins’ victory/defeat model. It says that, “In every presidential election since 1936, the Washington Redskins' last home game before the election has accurately predicted the winner. If they win, the incumbent president's party wins; if they lose, the challenger wins.”
It's a barometer that's held true for 17 elections in a row -- a record those pollsters can only dream of.
Sunday, October 31, the Redskins lost 28-14 to the Green Bay Packers at home,
spurring a Kerry press statement proclaiming a Kerry victory.
While most models are equally ludicrous, not so The Keys to the White House. First developed in 1981, The Keys looked backward in American history, and retrospectively, they account accurately for the results of every presidential election from 1860 through 1980.
Prospectively, The Keys predicted well ahead of time, the popular-vote winners of every presidential election from 1984 through 2000. As a nationally based system, The Keys cannot predict the results in individual states, and thus relate to the popular vote, not the Electoral College results.
The Keys are 13 diagnostic questions that are stated as propositions that favor reelection of the incumbent party. When five or fewer of these propositions are false, or turned against the party holding the White House, that party wins another term in office. When six or more are false, the challenging party wins. (Refer to “THE THIRTEEN KEYS TO THE WHITE HOUSE, at the end of the article.”)
The Keys indicate incumbent party success or failure long before the polls or any other forecasting models are of any value. The Republican Party now has four keys turned against it for 2004, two short of the fatal six negative keys.
The “But…but’s,” from liberals keep coming. They sound like this, “I think your historical level for activism/social unrest overlooks the introduction of the virtual world. Record on-line contributions, numerous blogs, along with record early voter turnout and the like may be more effective than summer of love-ins and marches on the White House in the 1960’s.”
I said, “The social unrest Key must meet an historical threshold and that is measured by sustained unrest similar to the 1960's. Unfortunately, today's social unrest is NOT EVEN CLOSE! (Hello activists! Wake Up!) Activism is not the same as social unrest. If cyber-unrest doesn't produce something that has a visible impact, it's not going to register as social unrest and certainly not on the scale necessary to turn that Key."
But…but…there have been sooooo many scandals in the Bush administration. Anxious voters say, “As for scandal/policy failure, how can Bush get away with saying, ‘We don't know if the explosives were removed before we invaded,’ as an excuse for this lost explosives thing? Shouldn't he be required to state definitively before there is any sort of release from negligence? Why does the press only repeat statements from the White House without verifying them with independent third parties? Seems like special treatment to me and creating a voice for propaganda.”
My response: The historical criterion for a major scandal is that there must be bi-partisan recognition of a scandal and it must touch the President directly, as in the case of Monica Lewinsky (pun intended) or Watergate. And in the instance of Abugrabe, for instance, Donald Rumsfeld stood between the President and the scandal. So, despite many things that we, the proud liberals would consider scandalous, nothing has yet met the historical threshold to turn the scandal Key -- believe it or not.
It's time to pray for one outcome that could appease liberals everywhere: Hit your knees and ask your manifestation of the original energy to allow George W. Bush to win the popular vote (if by a slim margin) -- as The Keys only predict the popular vote -- and for John Forbes Kerry to win the electoral college vote.
And savor the historical irony.
Or you can hope for something that shatters historical precedent, like the possibility that the extraordinary number of newly-registered voters will actually defy all precedent and show-up at the polls and vote. Or maybe the recent spate of bad news for the Bush administration will break the historical precedent of The Keys. The other hope is that, for the first time in American history, The Keys are wrong.
And, God Bless America, if John Kerry is elected President of the United States, I hope to see -- you liberals -- in the streets holding Kerry accountable to his decisions regarding environmental protection, civil rights and his positions on the war in Iraq.
Kerry has said repeatedly that he can wage a better imperial oil war. That is not within the realm of possibilities for any politician. If Kerry is elected, it is up to the American public to say, “There is no BETTER imperial oil war.”
“…AND, WE THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, WILL NOT ACCEPT A DRAFT -- OF OUR SONS AND DAUGHTERS --TO FIGHT YOUR IMPERIAL OIL WAR. WE WILL RESIST YOU, OR ANYONE WHO TAKES OUR SONS AND DAUGHTERS TO WAR BY FORCE, BEFORE WE SACRIFICE OUR CHILDREN TO YOUR NEEDLESS WAR.”
The following nine keys currently favor the incumbent Republican Party (The verdict of the Keys in 2004 absolutely does not indicate an endorsement of George W. Bush.):
• By gaining seats in the U.S. House elections of 2002, Republicans locked in the party mandate key. (Key 1 - Party Mandate - TRUE)
• The lack of any nomination challenge to President George Bush gives the Republicans the incumbent party contest key. (Key 2- Contest – TRUE)
• Likewise, Bush’s nomination secures the incumbency key. (Key 3 - Incumbency – TRUE)
• The absence of any prospective third-party challenger with prospects of winning 5 percent of the vote or more gives Republicans the third-party key. (Key 4 - Third Party – TRUE)
• The recovering economy secures the short-term economy key, unless there is a return of the recession in 2004, but this is looking increasingly unlikely. (Key 5 - Short term economy – TRUE)
• Despite anti-war protests, the absence of sustained, violent upheavals like those of the 1960's, avoids loss of the social unrest key. (Key 8 - Social unrest – TRUE)
• The lack of a significant scandal implicating the president averts loss of the scandal key. (Key 9 - Scandal – TRUE)
• The president’s response to the September 11 attack including the expulsion of the Taliban from Afghanistan and the capture of Saddam Hussein secures the foreign/military success key, unless the United States suffers major reversals in both Iraq and Afghanistan in 2004. (Key 11- Foreign/military success – TRUE)
• Kerry does not match the charisma of Franklin D. Roosevelt or John F. Kennedy, keeping Republicans from losing the challenger charisma/hero key. (Key 13 - Challenger charisma – TRUE
The following four keys turn against the Republicans:
• The weak economy during the Bush term as compared to the boom years of Clinton’s two terms costs the Republicans the long-term economy key. (Key 6 - Long term economy – FALSE)
• The modest domestic accomplishments of the Bush administration topple the policy-change key. (Key 7 - Policy change – FALSE)
• With 9-11, the first successful foreign attack on the continental United States since the war of 1812 costs the party in power the foreign/military failure key. (Key 10 - Foreign/military failure – FALSE)
• George Bush is no Theodore Roosevelt or Ronald Reagan, forfeiting the incumbent charisma/hero key. (Key 12 - Incumbent charisma – FALSE)
Late-changing keys have not affected the outcome of a presidential election since September and October of 1864 when General Sherman’s taking of Atlanta, General Sheridan’s victories in Virginia, and the sinking of the last Confederate ramming vessel turned the foreign/military success key in favor of the Lincoln administration and averted loss of the third party key.
The shakiest key for the administration has been and remains the foreign/military success key. It is possible that conditions in Afghanistan and Iraq -- especially now that military deaths in Iraq have crossed the 1,000 mark -- could become so dire as to cancel the President’s earlier successes. Even this turn of events, however, would still leave Bush one key short of defeat, according to the professor.
“Nothing changes from one election to the next in America, because the media, the candidates, the pollsters, and the consultants are codependent in the false idea that elections are exercises in manipulating voters, and in giving us negative campaigns, bland and scripted lines,” said Allan Lichtman.
Copyright Karyn Strickler.
THE 13 KEYS TO THE WHITE HOUSE
The Keys are statements that favor the re election of the incumbent party. When five or fewer statements are false, the incumbent party wins. When six or more are false, the challenging party wins.
KEY 1 (Party Mandate): After the midterm elections, the incumbent party holds more seats in the U.S. House of Representatives than it did after the previous midterm elections.
KEY 2 (Contest): There is no serious contest for the incumbent party nomination.
KEY 3 (Incumbency): The incumbent party candidate is the sitting president.
KEY 4 (Third party): There is no significant third party or independent campaign.
KEY 5 (Short term economy): The economy is not in recession during the election campaign.
KEY 6 (Long term economy): Real per capita economic growth during the term equals or exceeds mean growth during the previous two terms.
KEY 7 (Policy change): The incumbent administration effects major changes in national policy.
KEY 8 (Social unrest): There is no sustained social unrest during the term.
KEY 9 (Scandal): The incumbent administration is untainted by major scandal.
KEY 10 (Foreign/military failure): The incumbent administration suffers no major failure in foreign or military affairs.
KEY 11 (Foreign/military success): The incumbent administration achieves a major success in foreign or military affairs.
KEY 12 (Incumbent charisma): The incumbent party candidate is charismatic, or a national hero.
KEY 13 (Challenger charisma): The challenging party candidate is not charismatic, or a national hero.
Allan J. Lichtman, The Keys to the White House (Lexington Books: Lanham, MD)
lichtman@american.edu; 202-885-2411