sanitation

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• SOURCE: Bloomberg CityLab
  11/5/2021
  

  Where Did the Public Toilets Go?

  Peter Baldwin offers context for how American cities haltingly adopted and quickly abandoned public toilets, a story that encompasses the racial, gender and class politics of how people interact in urban space. 

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• SOURCE: New York Times
  8/14/2020
  

  How the World’s Largest Garbage Dump Evolved Into a Green Oasis

  Freshkills is possibly the least likely poster child for urban ecological restoration in the world, and it is radical not just for the way it works — by encouraging flora and fauna do as they please — but for its sheer size. It is almost unbelievable that New York City would set aside a parcel of land as big as Lower Manhattan south of 23rd Street — and just let it go to seed.

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• SOURCE: The Guardian
  5/22/2020
  

  Coronavirus Will Reshape Our Cities – We Just Don't Know How Yet

  Disease has been a catalyst for significant changes in urban infrastructure; history suggests COVID-19 will be no different, though what those changes might be is uncertain.

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• SOURCE: Atlas Obscura
  4/8/2020
  

  In 19th-Century America, Fighting Disease Meant Battling Bad Smells

  Melanie Kiechle, a history professor at Virginia Tech, foul smells or "miasmas" were considered to indicate risk of disease before the germ theory of disease developed.

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• SOURCE: Fast Company
  3/24/2020
  

  The Untold Origin Story of the N95 Mask

  The most important design object of our time was more than a century in the making.