Blogs > Liberty and Power > Szasz and Scientology

Jul 11, 2005

Szasz and Scientology




I'll have to respectfully disagree with Sheldon.

Sheldon links to this defense of Tom Cruise by Jeffrey Schaler, an ardent fan of libertarian philosopher and psyotherapy critic Thomas Szasz. I've written before on the Szasz-Scientology connection, and noted before that I find it more than a little troubling.

I think the piece is pretty weak, even offensive in places. It's offensive, for example, to draw comparisons between the way some governments treat Scientology to the way some governments have historically treated Jews. No one is denying Scientologists their civil rights. Scientologists aren't being rounded up and slaughtered. Some European governments have taken some action against the church that I find troubling, but it's generally been in response to complaints of fraud and brainwashing by former Scientologists. Schaler closes with"the enemy of my enemy is my friend," a silly slogan that's patently untrue. I share an opposition to affirmative action, for example, with the Aryan Nation. The Aryan Nation isn't an ally of mine.

I believe in freedom to practice religion, including the freedom to practice a particularly wacky, cultish one. But make no mistake -- Scientology is an especially wacky, cultish attempt at religion. Google"Lisa McPherson," for example. Or"Rondey Rimando." Or"Susan Meister." Here are a few more. Look also for terms like"disconnection" or"dead agenting." This isn't religion as most of us know it (and I'm not much of a fan of any religion). It's a particularly paranoid, aggressive, manipulative kind of religion. If you've followed the Cruise story, you've probably also read about the odd way Katie Holmes disappeared for several days shortly before their relationship began, how she has since been cut off from friends and family, and how she's now minded round the clock by a Scientology rep, who apparently won't even let her go to the bathroom alone. I'd also note that the Scientology practiced by Tom Cruise and John Travolta is a far cry from the Scientology practiced by just about everyone else. L. Ron Hubbard wrote about the importance of recruiting celebrities into a new religion to establish early credibility, and how those celebrities should get different treatment than the rest of the church's following.

The article says Szasz and Scientologists merely want to prevent people from being medicated against their will. I mostly support that idea (I'm more open to coerced treatment on people who have committed violent crimes). I certainly oppose President Bush's plan to start screening public school children for mental illness, even when it's against their parents' wishes. And I think we should all be concerned about the"anti-euphoria" drugs many U.S. pharmaceutical companies are working on in conjunction with the drug war efforts of the federal government.

But while Szasz's problems with psychotherapy might be limited to the practice of state-coerced treatment, that certainly isn't true of Scientology. Scientology wants to forbid voluntary psychotherapy, too. Cruise, for example, has called for making all psychotherapy illegal. And while I'm generally supportive of Scientology's efforts to keep mental health assessments out of the public schools, the church at the same time sets up various front groups aimed at getting its own mental health counselors and propagandists into the schools, usually under the guise of anti-drug programs (Narcanon is the most well-known Scientology front group).

I haven't read enough Szasz to know exactly what I think of him. I do know that many people I respect have a great deal of respect for Szasz. But I've done a lot of reading on Scientology over the last several years, and I find the connection troubling, to say the least. I've also known lots of people whose lives were immeasurably improved by psychotherapy. Those people likely wouldn't be any better if Scientology had its way.


comments powered by Disqus

More Comments:


Sheldon Richman - 7/13/2005

Thanks. I agree it is harmful to encourage the public to believe Szaszian ideas and their foundation in reason, freedom, and free will have anything to do with Scientology.


Sheldon Richman - 7/13/2005

L. Ron Hubbard wrote, "Our war has been forced to become 'To take over absolutely the field of mental healing on this planet in all forms.'" (http://www.solitarytrees.net/cowen/misc/psywar.htm)


Robert L. Campbell - 7/12/2005

I was rather puzzled by Schaler's assertion that Tom Cruise is opposed to psychiatry and psychotherapy because of what he has learned from Thomas Szasz.

As a Scientologist, isn't Cruise expected to believe in dianetics, which L. Ron Hubbard put forward as a replacement for psychiatry and (at least clinical) psychology?

And if Cruise does believe in dianetics, wouldn't that be a sufficient explanation for the public stands he has taken recently?

Robert Campbell


David Timothy Beito - 7/12/2005

Jason: You're right. I should have read more closely.


Jason Kuznicki - 7/11/2005

I hadn't meant to suggest that brain tumors posed a challenge. On the contrary, it's a revealing example for exactly the reasons you give.


Sheldon Richman - 7/11/2005

Szasz is a libertarian. He believes that consensual relations among adults should be left unmolested by the state. That goes for psychiatric relations. Szasz of course acknowledges that there are bona fide brain illnesses and that more could be discovered in the future. But he objects to behavior (which a la Mises is goal-directed, has reasons not causes) being confused with illness, and he objects to involuntary psychiatric intervention, i.e., coercion. He does not oppose the laws regarding legal incompetence, but these are distinguishable from the mental-health laws. In mental-health proceedings, competence is not at issue. To have someone committed, one need not show that he is legally incompetent to care for himself (in most cases it couldn't be shown); one need only show that he is dangerous to himself or others because of mental illness. (How does a psychiatrist know? Doesn't one have a right to be dangerous to oneself?) But there is no separate demonstration of mental illness apart from the objectionable behavior itself. Someone who threatens or attempts suicide "has depression." Someone who tries to kill Reagan to impress an actress "has schizophrenia." Brain chemistry is not examined. It is assumed to be out of whack because of behavior or statements. There are no biological markers or tests for mental illnesses. Pathologists do not find them at autopsy or write about them in their textbooks. Bona fide brain illnesses (Alzheimer's, Parkinsonism, etc.) are treated by neurologists, not psychiatrists. So, Szasz writes, psychiatry is revealed as the medicalization of human conflict. It is social control masquerading as medicine.

All of Szasz's books are highly accessible. Also, see my "Szasz in One Lesson" here: http://www.szasz.com/szaszinonelesson.html.


David Timothy Beito - 7/11/2005

I don' think that the brain tumors example poses any problems for the Szaszian critique. Revealingly, if a person has brain tumors that cause erratic behaviors, he doesn't go to a psychiatrist, he goes to a regular practioner. Moreover, that practitioner will ultimately use scientific tests to identify an organic cause of the problem. No such analogy exists for pyschiatrists. They treat only symptoms as described in a DSM manual and (despite lofty claims that they have discovered a physcal basis for "most" mental diseases) never bother to "test" an indivual patient for an organic basis.

Often, of course, the DSM designation is determined by the mere act of voting by APA members. Such designation can be just as easily changed by a vote. The most famous example is the APA's reversal if its original designation of homosexuality as a DSM.


Jason Kuznicki - 7/11/2005

It's been a while, but as I recall it, I'd thought Szasz chiefly objected to the claim that all so-called mental illnesses were organic and therefore without moral dimensions. But he did not have a problem, for example, with someone claiming that brain tumors caused erratic perceptions or behaviors. Clearly they can.

I had likewise thought that Szasz did not object to individuals getting voluntary psychiatric counseling or medication. Although I can't find a direct citation right now, his Wikipedia entry backs me up on this: "Szasz is often said to be allied with the anti-psychiatry movement of the 1960s and 1970s. He disavows the connection, though, since he is not opposed to the practice of psychiatry if it is non-coercive. He maintains that psychiatry should be a contractual service between consenting adults with no state involvement, and he favors the abolition of mental hospitals and the repudiation of force."

I still find it troubling that Szasz is so closely associated with the Church of Scientology, which is clearly a fraudulent and coercive organization.


Max Swing - 7/11/2005

Yes, but there is a difference between taking money from fools (any street beggar is doing it ;) ) and the things scientology does. I don't want to speculate on brain washing, but the oppression of dissent when people leave the organisations (up to having to flee a country), shows that scientology is more than just a religious sect. It endangers civil liberties and threatens persons. I don't think that this should be taken so easily..


Max Swing - 7/11/2005

Yes, but there is a difference between taking money from fools (any street beggar is doing it ;) ) and the things scientology does. I don't want to speculate on brain washing, but the oppression of dissent when people leave the organisations (up to having to flee a country), shows that scientology is more than just a religious sect. It endangers civil liberties and threatens persons. I don't think that this should be taken so easily..


Roderick T. Long - 7/11/2005

Certainly the title "fail healers" doesn't inspire confidence.


David Timothy Beito - 7/11/2005

Szasz's critique of pyschiatry is broader than opposition to involuntary treatment. He questions the entire basis of the profession. More specifically, he objects (I think convincingly) to apply the disease model to so-called mental illnnesses. I suspect he would probably oppose a ban on pyschiatry for the same reason he would oppose a ban on witch doctors or fail healers.


Russell Hanneken - 7/11/2005

Sheldon wrote, "the biggest (though not the only) difference I can see between Scientology and other religions is age. The Mormons and Christian Scientists were once seen as cults. Today they are mainstream."

Perhaps someday the Church of Scientology will be more respected (and maybe even respectable). In the meantime, don't you think it's a bad idea to associate Szaszian arguments with a crackpot belief system and an organization that has a reputation for fleecing its members and bullying its critics?

What do Scientologists contribute to the critique of psychiatry that makes them worth all their baggage?


Sheldon Richman - 7/11/2005

Appropos of my speculation that Cruise might have given up his earlier position in favor of outlawing even consensual psychiatry, here is something he told Matt Lauer on "Today":

"Matt, you have to understand this. Here we are today, where I talk out against drugs and psychiatric abuses of electric shocking people, okay, against their will...."


Sheldon Richman - 7/11/2005

Thomas Szasz, as a libertarian, opposes any state interference with psychiatric acts between consenting adults. Cruise took an unlibertarian and un-Szaszian position when he called for the outlawing of psychiatry. Schaler's article defends Cruise's latest remarks, not his earlier statement about making psychiatry illegal. (Perhaps Cruise has given up his previous position: he did not repeat it in the Matt Lauer interview.) Obviously, both Szasz and Schaler believe that if Scientologists violate anyone's rights they should face the full force of the criminal law. I am also no fan of any religion but will abstain from comparing the cultishness of one with another except to say that the biggest (though not the only) difference I can see between Scientology and other religions is age. The Mormons and Christian Scientists were once seen as cults. Today they are mainstream.


Jason Kuznicki - 7/11/2005

The enemy of my enemy is indeed not necessarily my friend, and, as a better proverb has it, even a stopped clock may be right twice a day.

Having read him, I find that Szasz makes philosophical and ethical arguments chiefly against involuntary psychiatry; Scientology makes mystical arguments against all psychiatry. It shouldn't be hard to distinguish the two--and then to determine which fight deserves our support.


Gary McGath - 7/11/2005

Scientology is simply a means devised by science fiction writer L. Ron Hubbard to separate fools from their money. Whatever one may say of Szasz, to the best of my knowledge he isn't a scam artist.