Blogs > Cliopatria > The AAUP Targets CUNY

Jun 14, 2005

The AAUP Targets CUNY




Lyndon Johnson once colorfully compared the Tonkin Gulf Resolution to his “grandmother’s nightgown,” in that “it covers everything.” Over the last 18 months or so, it seems as if the AAUP is verging toward a similar definition of academic freedom, at least for professors whose viewpoints are in the majority in today's academy. The group’s apparent unwillingness to concede that students have any academic freedom protections or that threats to academic freedom exist from inside the academy as well as from outside of it is increasingly compromising its historic mission of upholding a culture of open exchange in the academy.

Responding to real and imagined threats to academic freedom played a role in several contested races this past spring for the AAUP’s governing council. Defining the concept as chiefly a tool for protecting the professoriate’s dominant ideological faction, a successful slate of candidates headed by Yeshiva’s Ellen Schrecker ran on a platform of resisting outside scrutiny of the academy and limiting publicly available information about academic matters. Schrecker, whose scholarly works have focused on McCarthyism, is particularly quick to play the “McCarthyism” card when attacking critics of the academic majority; she has even written about Internet-related “virtual McCarthyism.” The Schrecker viewpoint accurately reflects the approach of Joan Wallach Scott the current head of the AAUP’s “Committee A” (which handles academic freedom and tenure issues). Indeed, it would be hard to imagine a figure more representative of the contemporary academic mainstream than Scott, a highly regarded specialist in women’s history and gender theory.

As yesterday’s Inside Higher Edreports, Scott, Schrecker, and the AAUP are now targeting CUNY, expressing “grave concern” about the state of academic freedom in the City University system. CUNY’s offenses against academic freedom? The non-reappointment of two adjuncts (Susan Rosenberg and Mohamed Yousry) convicted of terrorist acts; and what Scott termed CUNY’s unwillingness to resist “outside pressures” in the recent withdrawal by Brooklyn professor Timothy Shortell of his bid to be Sociology chairman.

According to an AAUP press release on the issue, these three events suggest a “pattern of failure to safeguard the university from political interference in matters of academic appointments.” As I’ve noted previously, adjuncts have no right of reappointment under the current CUNY contract. (The AAUP has vehemently opposed such provisions, not just at CUNY but nationally.) Surely, however, the AAUP cannot seriously contend that being indicted for or accused of a criminal act—even if that act was associated with political causes that enjoy disproportionate support in the academy—should confer upon an adjunct an “academic freedom” right to reappointment that adjuncts with clean criminal records do not possess.

As for Shortell: after he wrote a series of essays and blog postings that could only be described as calculated to inflame opinion among wide elements of the Brooklyn community, both on campus and beyond, he pronounced himself shocked—shocked(!)—when his postings did inflame opinion. But in the end, he was not “denied” anything—he withdrew his candidacy in the face of widespread public outcry. His withdrawal email condemned the Brooklyn and CUNY administration for not issuing statements in his defense (I’d say I could count on one hand the number of public college administrators who would publicly state that department chairs should be able to call all religious people “moral retards”). But the Shortell e-mail focused most of its attention not on academic freedom but on unsubstantiated attacks against the professionalism of his colleagues. It’s hard to make an “academic freedom” claim for someone who, in the end, wasn’t even willing to fight for it himself.

Perhaps Joan Scott and her colleagues might want to take a look at the Torch, the fine blog maintained by FIRE; and in particular at tworecent postings by FIRE president David French. As French notes, “Censors are, almost by necessity, individuals with power.” Given this reality, it is unsurprising that 80 to 85% of FIRE’s cases involve censorship from the left. “On campus, the self-identified left has more power. It is the majority. This is, of course, not true in larger society.” Threats to academic freedom, of course, can also come from outside the university, where most often the right is the driving force. But, French continues, “since the larger political culture pays only sporadic attention to campus events—usually arousing itself only when the speech at issue is perceived to be particularly sensational—the vast majority” of FIRE’s cases involve threats to academic freedom from within the academy itself. Today’s Inside Higher Ed has a good example of the kind of issue about which French spoke--the kind of issue that seems to be of little concern to today's AAUP.

In the reality of Scott, Schrecker, and the AAUP, the internal threats to academic freedom that represent the majority of FIRE’s cases don’t seem to exist. Instead, their view of academic freedom is like LBJ’s grandmother’s nightgown—covering everything a professor might do or say, provided that the professor’s attitudes are acceptable to the current academic majority.



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Sherman Jay Dorn - 6/18/2005

You write, "It seems to me that the AAUP's Committee A is increasingly morphing into a body that views part of its mission as protecting the ideological status quo among the professoriate."

There's a difference between stating that Committee A doesn't appear to be addressing issues of X and stating that there's a certain intention ("that views part of its mission..."). When you assert intentionality, I think there's a burden to show some greater evidence of those intentions than you have.

For the record, in addition, I'm wondering what the disaggregation of issues addressed by Committee A versus AAUP-affiliated bargaining units are. I think it was the AAUP chapter at the University of Delaware that defended Linda Gottfredson's rights; Kors and Silvergate's book would have the details, but I don't have it at home.


Louis N Proyect - 6/15/2005

But it is obvious that Shortell was not talking about Unitarians, Quakers, Swedenborgians, Buddhists, Ba'hai or other relatively more enlightened sects or individuals. Shortell is hostile to exactly the sort of people who are a plague on American society: the 700 Club, Focus on the Family, the Catholic Church ad nauseum. I suspect that if he had anticipated being blindsided by a well-financed network of the religious right, he would have been more cautious in his formulations. That is what we are dealing with at this moment in history. People anxious to turn back the clock to the 1950s are cloaking their campaign in religous tolerance, educational diversity and other catchwords of the liberal left. This is shameful.


Robert KC Johnson - 6/15/2005

In its comments regarding CUNY, however, the AAUP's specific claim is that outside pressures forced/pressured administrators to act.

I recognize some of the good work the AAUP has done recently--the Univ. of Southern Mississippi case comes to mind. Yet, tellingly, the USM case was one where ideology played no role--it represented an instance of administrators abusing their power as part of an internal bureaucratic squabble.

It seems to me that the AAUP's Committee A is increasingly morphing into a body that views part of its mission as protecting the ideological status quo among the professoriate. Since it is dissenters whose academic freedom is most likely to be abridged, running for office within either the AAUP or PSC is not a terribly satisfactory solution--the reason dissenters are dissenters is that they represent the ideological minority.

Even if the AAUP didn't have the kind of ideological breakdown we've seen with FIRE, I'd be much more heartened about the Scott committee's fairness if I encountered one or two cases where the AAUP dealt with internal threats to academic freedom from figures ideologically sympathetic to Professor Scott. It doesn't seem as if there are many such cases, however.


Robert KC Johnson - 6/15/2005

In response to Mr. Proyect's comment, here is the context of Shortell's statement:
"On a personal level, religiosity is merely annoying—like bad taste. This immaturity represents a significant social problem, however, because religious adherents fail to recognize their limitations. So, in the name of their faith, these moral retards are running around pointing fingers and doing real harm to others. One only has to read the newspaper to see the results of their handiwork. They discriminate, exclude and belittle. They make a virtue of closed-mindedness and virulent ignorance. They are an ugly, violent lot."

There's nothing in this p'graph that suggested he was referring to Jerry Falwell and not all religious people.

Shortell, it should be noted, has subsequently written that he has praised (as our colleague Sharon Howard first pointed out) religious people in Latin America who have criticized US foreign policy.


Robert KC Johnson - 6/15/2005

Perhaps so. I should have directed my comments more specifically at the newly elected Governing Board and at Scott, who has moved Committee A in directions that I find troubling.


David Timothy Beito - 6/15/2005

The AAUP's persistent inability (or willful stubborness) to recognize leftist violations of free speech continues to amaze.


Jonathan Rees - 6/15/2005

KC:

This semester, I helped organize a new branch of the AAUP on my campus. I'm now our secretary. We did it not because we were afraid of lefties, righties or the college administration. We did it because here in Colorado it's open season on university professors of all ideological stripes. Both Republicans in Denver and the public at large have all gotten their shots in in recent months.

I really don't think you're giving the AAUP enough credit for adapting to the particular circumstances it faces across the nation.

JR


Ralph E. Luker - 6/15/2005

Mr. Proyect, You might want to query Berube about his own reactions to the Shortell case, in light of Shortell's casual use of the word "retard." It would be interesting to know what Michael thinks about the situation.


Louis N Proyect - 6/15/2005

But it has been established that Shortell was referring to people like Jerry Falwell as moral retards, not all religious people. It was most unfortunate that he used this term. The term "retard" is an epithet that gets thrown around in high-school locker-rooms and should never be used by educated people, especially in light of the awareness raised by movies like "Best Boy" and Michael Berube's writings. He should have used a more descriptive term like hypocrite or Pecksniff, but then again I don't think that he anticipated being scrutinized under the microscope of a well-funded ultraright network.


Sherman Jay Dorn - 6/14/2005

KC, that depiction of the AAUP's note of concern about CUNY (and the implication about the AAUP in general) is pretty harsh. Most of the cases that AAUP investigates <em>are</em> matters of internal bureaucracies on campus (e.g., all of the five cases spotlighted in the decisions to impose or lift censure); relatively few are about outside pressures. That doesn't mean that the AAUP is perfect. You're welcome to join AAUP and run for office, in the same way that if you're a member of PSC you can run for office if you disagree with the current priorities. (Incidentally, I financially support FIRE as well as maintain memberships in the AAUP and my faculty union. That doesn't mean I agree with everything all of them do. It means that they do a pretty good job and I'm happy to disagree with them on small matters.)

And if AAUP schedules a campus visit (assuming the IHE article is accurate and that the resolution is followed up on), you will be more than welcome to discuss any concerns or perspectives you have with the investigating committee.