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Dalton Conley: Safe at Home

[Dalton Conley, the dean of social sciences at New York University, is the author of "Elsewhere, U.S.A."]

... Now that prices have collapsed in many areas, low-income Americans might be able to afford to purchase homes for the first time in years. Sales of new homes in June were down 21 percent from last year. This would seem an ideal time to encourage low-income families to buy homes — if we weren't haunted by misconceptions about the roots of the subprime mortgage crisis.

This "blame the victim" mentality is hardly new. It goes back to the 1960s, when the anthropologist Oscar Lewis wrote an article whose title took root in the American public consciousness: "The Culture of Poverty." His basic argument was that poor people adopt certain practices that differ from those of "mainstream" society in order to survive. These might include illegal work, multifamily households or serial relationships in place of marriage. Once these survival strategies are in place, the argument goes, they take on a life of their own and lead to missed opportunities.

The popularity of the "culture of poverty" theory has had ups and downs over the decades; for example, in the 1980s the scholar Charles Murray argued that the poor responded as rationally as everyone else to economic incentives.

But Lewis's theories seem to have gained new life in the notion that a certain stratum of Americans just aren’t capable of homeownership, and that the increase in homeownership rates contributed to the real estate bust. The "natural" rate should be around 60 percent of American households, some analysts say, not the 70 percent it reached in 2004. That's an unfortunate argument, because owning a home can be one of the best ways for a poor family to save and accumulate assets: recent history aside, the value of a house does typically rise, and its owner avoids paying rent and gets a tax break...
Read entire article at NYT