Interactive Conflict History map and timeline, 400l BCE to 2011 CE.

Peter Thonemann,"The Messiah codex decoded," TLS, 6 April, weighs the authenticity of lead codices recently found in a Jordanian cave.

Elizabeth Weingarten,"Cxjlrp Zfmebop," Slate, 8 April."Translation: ‘Famous Ciphers.' A photo gallery."

Joseph Bottum,"Being T. E. Lawrence," Policy Review, 1 April, reviews Michael Korda's Hero: The Life and Legend of Lawrence of Arabia.

Oleg Gordievsky,"Stingers in the Tale," Literary Review, April, reviews Rodric Braithwaite's Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979-89.

Jane Jakeman,"Sanitized Afghanistan," TLS, 6 April, reviews"Afghanistan: Crossroads of the Ancient World," an exhibit at the British Museum, Afghanistan: Crossroads of the ancient world, the companion catalogue, and St. John Simpson, The Begram Hoard: Indian ivories from Afghanistan. See also: Peter Beaumont,"The Begram ivories: rescuing Afghanistan's lost history," Guardian, 27 February.